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Mauretania Tingitana The commercial town of Tingis came under Roman rule in the course of the 1st century BC, first as a free city and then, under Augustus, a colony (Colonia Julia, under Claudius), capital of
Mauritania Tingitana of Hispania. In the 5th century CE, Vandals conquered and occupied "Tingi" and from here swept across North Africa. A century later (between 534 and 682), Tangier became part of the Byzantine empire, before coming under Arab control in 702.
The city had a chequered history from the late Middle Ages, being held by the Portuguese from 1471-1580; by Spain during the Portuguese unification with Spain, 1580-1640; and by Portugal again, 1640-1661. In 1661 it was given to Charles II of England as part of the dowry from the Portuguese Infanta Catherine of Braganza. The English gave the city a garrison and a charter which made it equal to English towns.
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